# GLYCOLYSIS  (ASTROCYTES) 

R1a  : Glucose_A + ATP_A -> Glucose-6-phosphate_A  + ADP_A 
R2a  : Glucose-6-phosphate_A <->  Fructose-6-phosphate_A
R3a  : Fructose-6-phosphate_A + ATP_A  ->  Fructose-1-6- biphosphate_A + ADP_A
R4a  : Fructose-1-6- biphosphate_A   <->   Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_A + Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate_A
R5a  : Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate_A    <->   Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_A
R6a  : Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_A + NAD_A   <->   1-3-biphosphoglycerate_A + NADH_A
R7a  : 1-3-biphosphoglycerate_A + ADP_A   <->   3-phosphoglycerate_A + ATP_A   
R8a  : 3-phosphoglycerate_A   <->   2-phosphoglycerate_A
R9a  : 2-phosphoglycerate_A   <->   Phosphoenol-pyruvate_A 
R10a : Phosphoenol-pyruvate_A  + ADP_A  ->  Pyruvate_A + ATP_A
R11a : Pyruvate_A + NADH_A   <->   Lactate_A + NAD_A
R12a : Pyruvate_A + ATP_A + CO2_A   ->   Oxoloacetate_A + ADP_A
R13a : Pyruvate_A + NAD_AM   ->   Acetyl-CoA_A + CO2_A + NADH_AM

# PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY (ASTROCYTES)

R14a : Glucose-6-phosphate_A + NADP_A  ->  6-phosphoglucone_A + NADPH_A
R15a : 6-phosphoglucone_A   <->   6-phosphogluconate_A
R16a : 6-phosphogluconate_A  + NADP_A  ->  Ribulose-5-phosphate_A + NADPH_A + CO2_A
R17a : Ribulose-5-phosphate_A    <->   Xylulose-5-phosphate_A
R18a : Ribulose-5-phosphate_A   <->   Ribose-5-phosphate_A
R19a : Ribose-5-phosphate_A + Xylulose-5-phosphate_A   <->    Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate_A + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_A
R20a : Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate_A + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_A   <->   Fructose-6-phosphate_A + Erythrose-4-phosphate_A
R21a : Xylulose-5-phosphate_A + Erythrose-4-phosphate_A   <->   Fructose-6-phosphate_A + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_A

#TCA CYCLE  (ACTROCYTES)

R22a : Oxoloacetate_A + Acetyl-CoA_A  ->  Citrate_A
R23a : Citrate_A   <->   Isocitrate_A
R24a : Isocitrate_A + NAD_AM  ->  alpha-ketoglutarate_A  + NADH_AM + CO2_A
R25a : Isocitrate_A + NADP_A  ->  alpha-ketoglutarate_A  + NADPH_A + CO2_A
R26a : Isocitrate_A + NADP_AM  ->  alpha-ketoglutarate_A  + NADPH_AM + CO2_A
R27a : alpha-ketoglutarate_A  + NAD_AM  ->  Succinyl-CoA_A + NADH_AM + CO2_A
R28a : Succinyl-CoA_A + ADP_A   <->   Succinate_A + ATP_A
R29a : Succinate_A + FAD_AM   <->   Fumarate_A + FADH2_AM
R30a : Fumarate_A   <->   Malate_A
R31a : Malate_A + NAD_AM   ->   Oxoloacetate_A + NADH_AM
R32a : Malate_A + NAD_A   ->   Oxoloacetate_A + NADH_A      
R33a : Malate_A + NADP_A  ->  Pyruvate_A + NADPH_A + CO2_A
R34a : NADP_AM + NADH_AM -> NADPH_AM + NAD_AM

#OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION   AND ATPASE (ASTROCYTES) 

R35a : 6 ADP_A + 2 NADH_AM + 1 O2_A  ->  6 ATP_A + 2 NAD_AM
R36a : 4 ADP_A + 2 FADH2_AM + 1 O2_A  ->  4 ATP_A + 2 FAD_AM
R37a : ATP_A -> ADP_A


# GLYCOLYSIS  (NEURONS) 

R38n : Glucose_N + ATP_N -> Glucose-6-phosphate_N  + ADP_N 
R39n : Glucose-6-phosphate_N <->  Fructose-6-phosphate_N
R40n : Fructose-6-phosphate_N + ATP_N  ->  Fructose-1-6- biphosphate_N + ADP_N
R41n : Fructose-1-6- biphosphate_N   <->   Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_N + Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate_N
R42n : Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate_N    <->   Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_N
R43n : Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_N + NAD_N   <->   1-3-biphosphoglycerate_N + NADH_N
R44n : 1-3-biphosphoglycerate_N + ADP_N   <->   3-phosphoglycerate_N + ATP_N   
R45n : 3-phosphoglycerate_N   <->   2-phosphoglycerate_N
R46n : 2-phosphoglycerate_N   <->   Phosphoenol-pyruvate_N 
R47n : Phosphoenol-pyruvate_N  + ADP_N  ->  Pyruvate_N + ATP_N
R48n : Pyruvate_N + NADH_N   <->   Lactate_N + NAD_N
R49n : Pyruvate_N + NAD_NM   ->   Acetyl-CoA_N + CO2_N + NADH_NM

# PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY (NEURONS)

R50n : Glucose-6-phosphate_N + NADP_N  ->  6-phosphoglucone_N + NADPH_N
R51n : 6-phosphoglucone_N   <->   6-phosphogluconate_N
R52n : 6-phosphogluconate_N  + NADP_N  ->  Ribulose-5-phosphate_N + NADPH_N + CO2_N
R53n : Ribulose-5-phosphate_N    <->   Xylulose-5-phosphate_N
R54n : Ribulose-5-phosphate_N   <->   Ribose-5-phosphate_N
R55n : Ribose-5-phosphate_N + Xylulose-5-phosphate_N   <->    Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate_N + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_N
R56n : Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate_N + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_N   <->   Fructose-6-phosphate_N + Erythrose-4-phosphate_N
R57n : Xylulose-5-phosphate_N + Erythrose-4-phosphate_N   <->   Fructose-6-phosphate_N + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_N

# TCA CYCLE  (NEURONS)

R58n : Oxoloacetate_N + Acetyl-CoA_N  ->  Citrate_N
R59n : Citrate_N   <->   Isocitrate_N
R60n : Isocitrate_N + NAD_NM  ->  alpha-ketoglutarate_N  + NADH_NM + CO2_N
R61n : Isocitrate_N + NADP_NM  ->  alpha-ketoglutarate_N  + NADPH_NM + CO2_N
R62n : Isocitrate_N + NADP_N  ->  alpha-ketoglutarate_N  + NADPH_N + CO2_N
R63n : alpha-ketoglutarate_N  + NAD_NM  ->  Succinyl-CoA_N + NADH_NM + CO2_N
R64n : Succinyl-CoA_N + ADP_N   <->   Succinate_N + ATP_N
R65n : Succinate_N + FAD_NM   <->   Fumarate_N + FADH2_NM
R66n : Fumarate_N   <->   Malate_N
R67n : Malate_N + NAD_NM   ->   Oxoloacetate_N + NADH_NM
R68n : Oxoloacetate_N + NADH_N -> Malate_N + NAD_N
R69n : Malate_N + NADP_NM  ->  Pyruvate_N + NADPH_NM + CO2_N
R70n : NADP_NM + NADH_NM -> NADPH_NM + NAD_NM

# OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION   AND ATPASE (NEURONS) 

R71n : 6 ADP_N + 2 NADH_NM + 1 O2_N  ->  6 ATP_N + 2 NAD_NM
R72n : 4 ADP_N + 2 FADH2_NM + 1 O2_N  ->  4 ATP_N + 2 FAD_NM
R73n : ATP_N -> ADP_N

# GLUTAMATE  GLUTAMINE CYCLE

R74n : alpha-ketoglutarate_N  + NH3_N + NADPH_NM   <->  Glutamate_N + NADP_NM
R75c : Glutamate_N  + ATP_A ->  Glutamate_A + ADP_A
R76a : alpha-ketoglutarate_A  + NH3_A + NADPH_AM   <->  Glutamate_A + NADP_AM
R77a : Glutamate_A + NH3_A + ATP_A   ->  Glutamine_A + ADP_A
R78c : Glutamine_A   ->  Glutamine_N
R79n : Glutamine_N  ->  Glutamate_N + NH3_N

# GABA CYCLE

R80n : Glutamate_N  ->  GABA_N +  CO2_N
R81c : GABA_N <->  GABA_A 
R82a : GABA_A + alpha-ketoglutarate_A  ->  Glutamate_A + SuccinateSAL_A
R83a : SuccinateSAL_A + NAD_AM -> NADH_AM + Succinate_A
R84n : GABA_N + alpha-ketoglutarate_N  ->  Glutamate_N + SuccinateSAL_N
R85n : SuccinateSAL_N + NAD_NM -> NADH_NM + Succinate_N

# ASPARTATE METABOLISM

R86n : Oxoloacetate_N + Glutamate_N  <->  Aspartate_N + alpha-ketoglutarate_N
R87c : Aspartate_N  <->  Aspartate_A
R88a : Aspartate_A + alpha-ketoglutarate_A  <->  Oxoloacetate_A + Glutamate_A

# ALANINE METABOLISM

R89n : Pyruvate_N + Glutamate_N  <->  alpha-ketoglutarate_N + Alanine_N
R90c : Alanine_N   <->  Alanine_A
R91a : Alanine_A  + alpha-ketoglutarate_A  <->  Pyruvate_A + Glutamate_A

# GLYCINE-SERINE METABOLISM 

R92a : 3-phosphoglycerate_A + Glutamate_A + NAD_A  ->  Serine_A +  alpha-ketoglutarate_A + NADH_A
R93a : Serine_A  ->  Pyruvate_A + NH3_A 
R94c : Serine_A  ->  Serine_N 
#R56n : Serine_N + tetrahydrofolate  ->  Glycine_N + methylenetetrahydrofolate
R95n : Serine_N ->  Glycine_N
R96c : Glycine_N ->  Glycine_A
R97a : Glycine_A + NAD_AM -> CO2_A + NH3_A + NADH_AM
#R98a : Glycine_A + methylenetetrahydrofolate  ->  Serine_A + tetrahydrofolate 
R98a : Glycine_A  ->  Serine_A 


# LEUCINE METABOLISM  

R99a  : Leucine_A + alpha-ketoglutarate_A  ->  KIC_A + Glutamate_A
R100a : KIC_A + NAD_AM  ->  Isovaleryl-CoA_A + CO2_A + NADH_AM
R101a : Isovaleryl-CoA_A + FAD_AM  + CO2_A + ATP_A ->  Acetoacetate_A + Acetyl-CoA_A + FADH2_AM + ADP_A
R102a : Acetoacetate_A + Succinyl-CoA_A  ->  Acetoacetyl-CoA_A + Succinate_A
R103a : Acetoacetyl-CoA_A   ->  2 Acetyl-CoA_A
R104c : KIC_A  ->   KIC_N  
R105n : KIC_N + Glutamate_N  ->   Leucine_N  + alpha-ketoglutarate_N
R106c : Leucine_N  ->  Leucine_A 

# VALINE METABOLISM  

R107a : Valine_A + alpha-ketoglutarate_A  ->  KIV_A + Glutamate_A
R108a : KIV_A + NAD_AM  ->  Isobutyryl-CoA_A + CO2_A + NADH_AM 
R109a : Isobutyryl-CoA_A + FAD_AM  + 2 NAD_AM  ->  FADH2_AM + 2 NADH_AM + CO2_A + Propionyl-CoA_A
R110a : Propionyl-CoA_A  + CO2_A + ATP_A ->  Succinyl-CoA_A + ADP_A
R111c : KIV_A  ->   KIV_N  
R112n : KIV_N + Glutamate_N  ->   Valine_N  + alpha-ketoglutarate_N
R113c : Valine_N  ->  Valine_A 

# ISOLEUCINE METABOLISM  

R114a : Isoleucine_A + alpha-ketoglutarate_A  ->  KMV_A + Glutamate_A
R115a : KMV_A + NAD_AM  ->  Methylbutyryl-CoA_A + CO2_A + NADH_AM
R116a : Methylbutyryl-CoA_A + FAD_AM  + NAD_AM  ->  FADH2_AM + NADH_AM + Propionyl-CoA_A + Acetyl-CoA_A
R117c : KMV_A  ->   KMV_N  
R118n : KMV_N + Glutamate_N  ->   Isoleucine_N  + alpha-ketoglutarate_N
R119c : Isoleucine_N  ->  Isoleucine_A 

# LYSINE METABOLISM

R120n : Lysine_N + alpha-ketoglutarate_N + NADPH_N -> Saccharopine_N + NADP_N
R121n : Saccharopine_N + NAD_N -> Glutamate_N + NADH_N + 2-aminoadipate semialdehyde_N
R122n : 2-aminoadipate semialdehyde_N + alpha-ketoglutarate_N + 1 NAD_N -> alpha-ketoadipate_N  + Glutamate_N + 1 NADH_N
R123n : alpha-ketoadipate_N + 2 NAD_NM + FAD_NM -> Acetoacetyl-CoA_N + 2 NADH_NM + FADH2_NM + 2 CO2_N
R124n : Acetoacetyl-CoA_N   ->  2 Acetyl-CoA_N

# PHENYLALANINE-TYROSINE METABOLISM 

R125n : Phenylalanine_N  + O2_N + NADPH_N ->  Tyrosine_N + NADP_N
R126n : Tyrosine_N + O2_N  ->  L-DOPA_N
R127n : L-DOPA_N ->  Dopamine_N + CO2_N
R128n : Dopamine_N + O2_N  -> Norepinephrine_N 
R129n : Norepinephrine_N  ->  Epinephrine_N
R130c : Dopamine_N  ->  Dopamine_A
R131a : Dopamine_A  ->  Norepinephrine_A

# TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM 

R132n : Tryptophan_N + O2_N ->  5- hydroxytryptophan_N 
R133n : 5- hydroxytryptophan_N  ->  Seratonin_N  + CO2_N
R134n : Seratonin_N  ->  Melatonin_N 

# ACETYLCHOLINE METABOLISM

R135n : Choline_N + Acetyl-CoA_N  <->  Acetylcholine_N 	


# CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS (Astrocyte Only)

R136a: 18 Acetyl-CoA_A + 18 ATP_A + 11 O2_A + 29 NADPH_A + 2 NAD_A -> 9 CO2_A + Cholesterol_A + 2 NADH_A + 18 ADP_A + 29 NADP_A 
R137c: Cholesterol_A -> Cholesterol_N

# FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS 

R138a : 8 Acetyl-CoA_A + 7 ATP_A + 14 NADPH_A -> Palmitate_A + 7 ADP_A + 14 NADP_A
R139a : 9 Acetyl-CoA_A + 8 ATP_A + 16 NADPH_A -> Stearate_A + 8 ADP_A + 16 NADP_A
R140a : 9 Acetyl-CoA_A + 8 ATP_A + 15 NADPH_A -> Oleate_A + 8 ADP_A + 15 NADP_A
R141a : Linoleate_A + 2 O2_A + 2 NADH_A + ATP_A + CO2_A + Acetyl-CoA_A -> Arachidonate_A + ADP_A + 2 NAD_A
R142a : Linolenate_A + 3 O2_A + 3 NADH_A + 2 ATP_A + 2 CO2_A + 2 Acetyl-CoA_A -> Decosahexenoate_A + 2 ADP_A + 3 NAD_A

R143n : 8 Acetyl-CoA_N + 7 ATP_N + 14 NADPH_N -> Palmitate_N + 7 ADP_N + 14 NADP_N
R144n : 9 Acetyl-CoA_N + 8 ATP_N + 16 NADPH_N -> Stearate_N + 8 ADP_N + 16 NADP_N
R145n : 9 Acetyl-CoA_N + 8 ATP_N + 15 NADPH_N -> Oleate_N + 8 ADP_N + 15 NADP_N
R146c : Arachidonate_A -> Arachidonate_N
R147c : Decosahexenoate_A -> Decosahexenoate_N

# LIPID SYNTHESIS (Astrocytes & Neurons)

R148a : 0.270 Palmitate_A + 0.276 Stearate_A + 0.249 Oleate_A + 0.108 Arachidonate_A + 0.094 Decosahexenoate_A -> 1 FattyAcid_A
R149n : 0.270 Palmitate_N + 0.276 Stearate_N + 0.249 Oleate_N + 0.108 Arachidonate_N + 0.094 Decosahexenoate_N -> 1 FattyAcid_N

R150a : Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate_A + NADH_A -> Glycerol-3-phosphate_A + NAD_A
R151a :  Glycerol-3-phosphate_A + FAD_AM -> Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate_A + FADH2_AM
R152a : Glycerol-3-phosphate_A + 2 FattyAcid_A -> Phosphatidate_A
R153a : Phosphatidate_A + 3 ATP_A + Ethanolamine_A -> 3 ADP_A + Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_A
R154a : Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_A -> Phosphatidyl-choline_A
R155a : Choline_A + 3 ATP_A + Phosphatidate_A -> Phosphatidyl-choline_A + 3 ADP_A
R156a : Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_A + Serine_A -> Ethanolamine_A + Phosphatidyl-serine_A
R157a : Phosphatidyl-serine_A -> Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_A + CO2_A

R158n : Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate_N + FADH2_NM -> Glycerol-3-phosphate_N + FAD_NM 
R159n : Glycerol-3-phosphate_N + 2 FattyAcid_N -> Phosphatidate_N
R160n : Phosphatidate_N + 3 ATP_N  + Ethanolamine_N -> 3 ADP_N + Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_N
R161n : Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_N -> Phosphatidyl-choline_N
R162n : Choline_N + 3 ATP_N + Phosphatidate_N -> Phosphatidyl-choline_N + 3 ADP_N
R163n : Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_N + Serine_N -> Ethanolamine_N + Phosphatidyl-serine_N
R164n : Phosphatidyl-serine_N -> Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_N + CO2_N 

R165a : 0.52 Cholesterol_A + 0.24 Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_A + 0.23 Phosphatidyl-choline_A + 0.09 Phosphatidyl-serine_A  -> Lipid_A 
R166n : 0.52 Cholesterol_N + 0.24 Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine_N + 0.23 Phosphatidyl-choline_N + 0.09 Phosphatidyl-serine_N  -> Lipid_N 

# REACTIVE oXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) PATHWAY

R167a : Cystine_A + NADH_A -> 2 Cysteine_A + NAD_A
R168a : Cysteine_A +  Glutamate_A + Glycine_A  + 2 ATP_A -> ReducedGlutathione_A + 2 ADP_A 
R169a : O2_A -> H2O2_A
R170a : 2 ReducedGlutathione_A  + H2O2_A  -> OxidizedGlutathione_A
R171a : OxidizedGlutathione_A + NADPH_A -> 2 ReducedGlutathione_A + NADP_A
R172a : OxidizedGlutathione_A + NADPH_AM -> 2 ReducedGlutathione_A + NADP_AM
R173a : H2O2_A -> O2_A

R174a : ReducedGlutathione_A + Glutamine_A -> Glutamate_A + NH3_A + CysteinylGlycine_A
R175c : CysteinylGlycine_A -> CysteinylGlycine_N
R176n : CysteinylGlycine_N  -> Cysteine_N + Glycine_N
R177n : Cysteine_N + Glutamate_N + Glycine_N + 2 ATP_N -> ReducedGlutathione_N + 2 ADP_N
R178n : O2_N -> H2O2_N
R179n : 2 ReducedGlutathione_N  + H2O2_N -> OxidizedGlutathione_N
R180n : OxidizedGlutathione_N + NADPH_N -> 2 ReducedGlutathione_N + NADP_N
R181n : OxidizedGlutathione_N + NADPH_NM -> 2 ReducedGlutathione_N + NADP_NM
R182n: H2O2_N -> O2_N

#LACtrc: Lactate_A -> Lactate_N 
# made active only in hypoxic state

# Glycogen degredation - made active in hypoxic state
R183a : Glycogen -> Glucose-1-phosphate_A
R184a : Glucose-1-phosphate_A -> Glucose-6-phosphate_A

# EXCHANGE RXNS  32 extracellular met.-

GLGatr : GLG_AEX -> Glycogen
LACatr  : Lactate_A -> LAC_AEX
LACntr : Lactate_N -> LAC_NEX
CO2atr  : CO2_A     -> CO2_AEX
CO2ntr  : CO2_N     -> CO2_NEX
GLNatr  : Glutamine_A -> GLN_AEX
DOPntr  : Dopamine_N  -> DOP_NEX
NOREPntr: Norepinephrine_N -> NOREP_NEX
EPntr   : Epinephrine_N -> EP_NEX
NOREPatr: Norepinephrine_A -> NOREP_AEX
SERTntr : Seratonin_N -> SERT_NEX
MELTntr : Melatonin_N -> MELT_NEX
CHLNntr : Acetylcholine_N -> ACHLN_NEX
LPDntr  : Lipid_N -> Lipid_NEX
LPDatr  : Lipid_A -> Lipid_AEX
LNLTatr  : Linoleate_AEX -> Linoleate_A
LNLNTatr : Linolenate_AEX -> Linolenate_A
CHLntr : Choline_NEX -> Choline_N
CHLatr : Choline_AEX -> Choline_A
CYSatr : Cystine_AEX -> Cystine_A
GSHntr :  ReducedGlutathione_N ->  ReducedGlutathione_NEX

GLCatr : GLC_AEX -> Glucose_A
GLCntr : GLC_NEX -> Glucose_N
O2atr : O2_AEX   -> O2_A
O2ntr : O2_NEX   -> O2_N
LEUatr : LEU_AEX -> Leucine_A
ILEatr : ILE_AEX -> Isoleucine_A
VALatr : VAL_AEX -> Valine_A
TYRntr : TYR_NEX -> Tyrosine_N
TRPntr : TRP_NEX -> Tryptophan_N
LYSntr : LYS_NEX -> Lysine_N
PHEntr : PHE_NEX -> Phenylalanine_N
NH3atr : NH3_AEX -> NH3_A
